I-Aya yokufakelwa kwezinto|Uhlaziyo lwakutshanje kwi-ISO Puts
Jun 13, 2024
Xa kuziwaIzilondaUkuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho wabo sisitshixo ukuze uqiniseke ukuba iprojekthi iya kwakhiwe kakuhle kwaye iyakwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo olwahlukileyo, kunye nemikhosi kwaye ihlale ixesha. NgelixaAmandongomaneBekusoloko benomgangatho we-ISO ababefuna ukudibana, umbutho usandula ukumisela ukuba ilixesha lokuphucula kumanqanaba e-IS. Kodwa oko kuthetha ntoni kubathengi? Kweli nqaku, siza kukunceda uqonde yonke into ongayifuna ukwazi malunga nenqanaba le-ISO kwaye kutheni bebalulekile kwiiprojekthi zakho.
Yintoni i-iso?
I-ISO, emela umbutho wamanye amazwe wokumiselwa komgangatho, ngumbutho ozimeleyo olandela isikhokelo sabantu esinobungcali kumcimbi ngamnye ochaza imigangatho eyahlukileyoiimvelisokwayeiinkonzo. Imigangatho ye-ISO yenzelwe ukukhusela abasebenzisi kunye nabathengi nakwimeko yamantongomane ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba amandongomane asetyenziswa kufanelekile iimfuno eziya kubavumela ukuba zihlale ixesha elide.
Unokwazi njani ukuba imveliso ihambelana nenqanaba le-ISO?
Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwazi ukuba ingaba imveliso ihambelana nenqanaba le-ISO kukujonga ukuba, kwilebhile yemveliso, kukho isiqinisekiso se-ISO. Isatifikethi se-ISO sifumaneka kuphela kwiimveliso ezihlangabezana nemigangatho kwiCandelo ngalinye.
Yintoni imigangatho ye-sdwa yokuthatyathwa?
Kule minyaka i-ISO iphuhlise inani lemigangatho yokutya. Ezi ntlobo zihlukeneyo zemigangatho ye-ISO zihlala zihambelana neemveliso ezahlukeneyo, ezinjei-washers, amandongomane, iibhloko, kwayeIzikrelemnqa. Kukho nemigangatho eyahlukeneyo ye-ISH esekwe kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezenziwe ngendlela yakho kunye nokusekwe kwimilinganiselo yazo. Zonke ezi paramitha ezahlukeneyo zingaba kubalulekile ekumiseleni ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo ifanele ibe yintoni kwaye yeyiphi imigangatho ekufuneka icwangcisiwe.
Kutheni le nto kufuneka iMigangatho ye-ISO?
Enye eqhelekileyoumbuzoXa kufikwa ekwenzeni umlinganiso wemigangatho yefakwene ye-AO, kutheni kufuneka. Imigangatho ye-ISO yinto yokusebenza kakuhle kwezobunjineli njengoko zivumela ukuqhelisela okungakumbi ngexesha lendibano. Ngenxa yokuba inkqubo ikwindawo yonke ikwathetha ukuba ngaphandle kweliphi ilizwe kwi-tranterire elenziweyo, banokuthengiswa kwihlabathi liphela ukuba badibana nemilinganiselo ye-ISO. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kwiimeko zamazwe angasebenzisi le nkqubo, njengenkqubo yemetric.
Eyona nto iphambili kwiKomiti yeNdlu ye-ISO yayikukunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba onke amazwe, kuquka amazwe ase-Asia nakweYurophu, abanokwazi ukuba nomgangatho wendalo iphela abawulandelayo endaweni yokuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zabo zidibana nemigangatho yelizwe. Lo mgangatho wendalo jikelele wezinto ezithengiswayo uvumelekile ukuba imigangatho ivele kwiminyaka edlulileyo ngakumbi ulwazi olukhoyo malunga nemigangatho ikhutshiwe.
Ngaba iMigangatho ye-IS kuphela yeMigangatho kuphela yokutya?
Imigangatho ye-ISO yenye kuphela yeeseti ezininzi zemigangatho yezinto ezithengiswayo kwaye zihlala zisetyenziswa njengoko zenziwa ngomnye wabasemagunyeni bethu kwishishini. Nangona kunjalo, oko akuthethi ukuba ayikho eminye imibutho ekhoyo ebiyile imigangatho eyahlukeneyo yokutya okuqhelekileyo. Ezi ntlobo zihlukeneyo zemigangatho zibandakanya:
IMigangatho yeDis
Imigangatho ye-din, evela kwiZiko laseJamani ukulungiselela umgangatho okanye i-Deutsut ye-Doutsut für uNorung. Imigangatho yeDin inezimvo ezincinci zamazwe aphesheya kunemigangatho ye-ISO kwaye iqhubekekile kwiminyaka edlulileyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba imigangatho ye-IS00 esemthethweni yimigangatho ekhethiweyo ngelixa ikwi-European Union, i-En okanye imigangatho yaseYurophu isetyenziswa rhoqo.
Umgangatho we-ASTM
Umgangatho we-ASTM, ovela kuluntu lwaseMelika uvavanyo kunye nezixhobo yenye yemigangatho yokuqala eza kwenziwa. Indlela eyalelwa ngayo le migangatho yayijolise kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zeInkqubo yokwenziwa kwemvelisoKwaye ngakumbi ukwahlulahlulwa, ukucaciswa, indlela yovavanyo, ukuziqhelanisa, isigama, kunye nemigangatho yesikhokelo.
IMigangatho ye-ASME
Imigangatho ye-ASME, evela kuluntu lwaseMelika kwiinjineli zoomatshini azibanzi njengoko zigxile kumashishini amahlanu akhulayo. La ngamandla amacocekile, u-biengineus, itekhnoloji yoxinzelelo, iirobhothi kunye nemveliso.
Kutheni kufuneka ukhethe iMigangatho ye-ISO?
Ukujonga ukuba kukho ezinye iintlobo zeMigangatho ye-ISO efumanekayo unokuzibuza ukuba kutheni kufanelekile ukuba ukhethe imigangatho ye-ISO ngaphezulu kwezinye iintlobo zemigangatho. I-ISO Okokuqala yaqala ukuphuhlisa imigangatho yeemveliso ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkonzo ezikumashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo. Ukususela ngoko, baye baba ligunya kuzo zonke iintlobo zemigangatho kwaye baqatshelwe kwihlabathi liphela. Ngenxa yokuma kwabo ngoku kunye namanqanaba okusetyenziswa kwenqanaba le-ISO kwihlabathi liphela, ukunamathela kwimigangatho ye-ISO yeyona ndlela ilula yokuqinisekisa ukungqinelana naphi na emhlabeni.
Ngaphandle kokunceda ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho wezinto ozithandayo okuthengwa kwihlabathi liphela, zininzi ezinye izizathu zokuqwalaselwa xa usenza isigqibo sokusebenzisa imigangatho ye-ISO. Oku kubandakanya ulawulo lomngcipheko njengoko iMigangatho ye-ISO iya kuhlala ifuna ulawulo lomngcipheko ukunceda ekunciphiseni umngcipheko.
Ngenxa yokwamkelwa kwabo ngokubanzi, abantu abakhawulezayo abahlangabezana nemigangatho ye-ISO bafikeleleka kakhulu kwintengiso.
Ngaba ikhona imithetho enxulumene ne-IS?
Inqanaba le-ISS liya kuhlala libhekiswe kwiimvumelwano zedolophu, imigaqo, kunye nemithetho. Oku kwenza ingqiqo xa umntu ethathela ingqalelo loo meko yokutya xa bengafezekisi imigangatho eyimfuneko inokuba ngumngcipheko osemthethweni njengeisantyaKumbuzo awuyi kuba nakho ukuphatha ngayo yonke imikhosi efunekayo kwaye ugcine isikhundla sayo.
Yaphuhliswa njani iMigangatho ye-ISO?
Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuphuculwa kwemigangatho ye-SO yanamhlanje yenzeka kwimigangatho yentsusa yentsusa. Nangona kunjalo, umgangatho we-ISO ivele kakhulu imigangatho eyayibekiweyo ngaphambili.
Ngaba inye kuphela inqanaba le-ISO esebenza kwi-hartivers?
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zenqanaba le-ISO elisetyenziswayo kwizikhethe. Oku kubandakanya zombini ezi -} - {{2} {{2} {{2}]
Xa kufikwa kwixeshana eliqhelekileyo le-ISO exhaphakileyo ye-ISO yi-ISO 898-1, esetyenziselwa isikrelemnqa, ii-scres, kunye neebhotile ezenziwe kwi-alloy yentsimbi kunye nentsimbi yekhabhoni. Le mfuneko ethile ichaza iiklasi ezili-10 zepropathi, ezilingana nebanga kwi "intshi" kwi "intshi".
Kutheni le nto i-ISO ehlaziyiweyo?
Kutsha nje kukho uhlaziyo kumgangatho we-ISO 4032 yomgangatho we-hexagon ngamandongomane angama-4033I-hexagon ephezulu yamandongomane. Iinguqulelo zamvanje zale migangatho ziya kuthatha indawo yemigangatho yango-2012 yangaphambili ka-2012.
Utshintsho kwimigangatho emitsha ye-ISO ibandakanya inani leenguqu ezifana:
1. Ukwaziswa kweeklasi ezongezelelweyo zepropathi
2. Ukwaziswa kwe-SARS eyongezelelweyo
I-3. Ukongezwa kwe-dupplex ye--}}}
I-4. Ukubandakanywa kweklasi yepropathi 80 ukuya kwi-ISO 4032 emiselweyo
Ungalukhetha njani izinto ezisemgangathweni?
Xa kufikwa ekudalweni kwayo nayiphi na iprojekthi yesona siseko sibalulekileyo ekufuneka siqwalasele kukutya kwakho. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba awukwenzi ngaphambi kokuba ufumanise ukuba unengxaki yokufumanisa ukuba yeyiphi ifayiliukuthenga.Ukuba ufuna ukuthenga izinto ezisemgangathweni Kukho izinto ezimbalwa ezahlukeneyo onokuthi uziqwalasele:
Qonda ukusetyenziswa kwakho:
Ngokusekwe kwiimpawu eziqhubekayo Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezibonakalayo, ukuthuthuzela, ukugqiba, kunye nobungakanani bunokufuneka kwiprojekthi yakho.
Ubungakanani kunye nohlobo:
Ngaphandle kokukhetha ilungelo elifanelekileyo kuya kufuneka ukuba uqiniseke ukuba naluphi na uhlobo kunye nobungakanani obukhethekileyo obathandayo obathandayo buza kutshatisa i-dibanise.
Qinisekisa imigangatho yokuthobela:
Kuxhomekeka kwiprojekthi yakho kusenokwenzeka ukuba kubekho imigangatho ethile yokuthobela obizwa ukuba ihlangane. Le migangatho ihlala isetwa yi-ISO kwaye iya kukunceda ubone ukuba ngaba into ethile eqhubekayo isebenza okanye hayi.
Isiqinisekiso esisemgangathweni:
Xa kuthengwa uMvelisi odumileyo uya kuba nakho ukubona ukuba iimveliso ozithengelayo zinayo i-ISOUSTE esemgangathweni. Apho kunokwenzeka izama ukuthenga iimveliso ezinolu hlobo lokuqinisekiswa.
ISIQINISEKISO:
Xa kufikwa kwinqanaba le-ISO, kufuneka bancede bancede baqinisekise ukuba ngaphandle kweprojekthi osebenza kuyo, uya kuba neentlobo ezifanelekileyo zezinto ezibandayo. Ngombane osemgangathweni, uqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle, ukusebenza, kunye nokuhlala kwiprojekthi yakho ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngayo nayiphi na ingxaki. Imigangatho ye-ISO ikwabalulekile ekuthobeleni amashishini amaninzi ahlukeneyo kwaye kunokubaluleka ngokukhethekileyo ngokwembono esemthethweni.
